Node.js Software Vulnerability Allowing Remote Crash via User Inputs

CVE-2025-23166

What is CVE-2025-23166?

CVE-2025-23166 is a vulnerability affecting the Node.js platform, which serves as a runtime environment for executing JavaScript code server-side. This vulnerability arises from an issue within the C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits(), where improper handling of user-supplied input can lead to unexpected behavior. Specifically, when executed in a background thread, it may invoke the ThrowException() function incorrectly, resulting in a crash of the entire Node.js process. This flaw raises significant concerns for organizations utilizing Node.js, as it exposes them to risks associated with service interruptions or denial of service, especially in applications where uninterrupted availability is crucial. The vulnerability predominantly stems from cryptographic operations that are common in handling untrusted inputs, making it a potential target for exploitation by malicious actors.

Potential impact of CVE-2025-23166

1. Service Disruption: The primary impact of this vulnerability is the potential for remote crashes of the Node.js runtime, leading to unexpected downtime for applications reliant on this platform. This can disrupt business operations and degrade user experience.

2. Increased Attack Surface: The lexicon of cryptographic operations involved signifies that applications may be more vulnerable to subsequent attacks, particularly those targeting input validation flaws. This may open pathways for further exploits if attackers can leverage this vulnerability to execute more complex attack strategies.

3. Reputational Damage: Organizations affected by this vulnerability may face reputational risks, especially if the downtime affects customer access to services. This could lead to a loss of user trust and confidence, which is difficult to regain following security incidents.

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