Integer Overflow Vulnerability in Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk

CVE-2025-49689

What is CVE-2025-49689?

CVE-2025-49689 is an integer overflow vulnerability found in the Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk (VHDX). VHDX files are used for virtualization purposes, allowing multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine. This vulnerability permits unauthorized attackers to execute local privilege escalation, which means they can gain higher permissions on the host system than initially granted. If exploited, this could enable attackers to perform unauthorized actions, manipulate sensitive data, or install malicious software, severely undermining the integrity and security of the virtual environment.

Potential Impact of CVE-2025-49689

1. Unauthorized Privilege Escalation: Attackers can gain elevated privileges on the system hosting the affected VHDX files, leading to unauthorized access to critical resources and administrative controls.

2. Data Compromise: With elevated privileges, an attacker could potentially access confidential information, manipulate data, or delete essential files, resulting in data breach incidents that could affect the integrity and confidentiality of enterprise operations.

3. Increased Vulnerability to Further Attacks: Once attackers achieve elevated permissions, they may install backdoors, allowing them to maintain persistent access to the system. This can lead to further exploitation opportunities, including the deployment of ransomware or other malicious software, posing long-term risks to the organization’s cybersecurity posture.

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