Command Injection Vulnerability in CryptoLib Affecting NASA's Core Flight System

CVE-2025-59534

What is CVE-2025-59534?

CVE-2025-59534 is a significant command injection vulnerability found in the CryptoLib software utilized in NASA's Core Flight System (cFS). CryptoLib is designed to facilitate secure communications between spacecraft and ground stations by implementing the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP). The vulnerability arises in the initialize_kerberos_keytab_file_login() function, where user input is directly incorporated into a shell command executed with the system() function, without adequate input validation or sanitization. This flaw could allow malicious actors to execute arbitrary commands on the system, potentially compromising both the spacecraft's operational integrity and the security of sensitive communications.

Potential impact of CVE-2025-59534

1. Arbitrary Command Execution: The command injection nature of the vulnerability allows an attacker to execute any command on the system, which could lead to unauthorized access and manipulation of critical systems responsible for spacecraft operations.

2. Compromise of Secure Communication: Given that CryptoLib is integral for securing communications between spacecraft and ground stations, successful exploitation of this vulnerability could result in intercepted or tampered communication, severely affecting mission integrity and safety.

3. Risks to National Security: As NASA operates missions that are vital for space exploration and technology advancement, the exploitation of this vulnerability could have broader implications for national security, potentially leading to unauthorized surveillance or disruption of space activities.

References