Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in TP-Link AX10 and AX1500 Routers

CVE-2025-9961

What is CVE-2025-9961?

CVE-2025-9961 is a remote code execution vulnerability found in TP-Link's AX10 and AX1500 routers, which are designed to provide home and small office networking solutions. This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected devices through a specific component known as the CWMP (CPE WAN Management Protocol) binary. The exploit requires a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack, meaning an attacker must intercept communication between the user and the router to trigger the vulnerability.

If successfully exploited, this vulnerability could lead to severe ramifications for organizations relying on these routers for their network infrastructure. The potential for unauthorized remote code execution may allow attackers to manipulate network configurations, deploy malicious software, exfiltrate sensitive data, or establish persistent access for future cyberattacks, severely impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems.

Potential Impact of CVE-2025-9961

1. Unauthorized Remote Code Execution: The primary impact of this vulnerability is the ability for attackers to execute arbitrary code on the routers, which could compromise the entire network and expose sensitive organizational data.

2. Network Manipulation and Control: Successfully exploiting this issue may allow attackers to gain control over network settings, potentially redirecting traffic, blocking access to legitimate services, or facilitating further attacks against internal resources.

3. Increased Risk of Malware Deployment: With remote code execution capabilities, attackers could install malicious software, including ransomware or spyware, increasing the risk of data breaches and leading to significant operational and reputational damage for the affected organization.

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